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Contents
Contents
Title Page And Table of Contents
i
Title Page And Table of Contents
Acknowledgements
v
List of Tables and Figures
ix
Chapter 1: Introduction
1
1.1 Barriers and Opportunities
2
1.2 Source Reduction’s Place in Industrial Hygiene
5
Chapter 2: History and Theory of Prevention and Control in Industrial Hygiene
7
2.1 Hazards as Engineering Problems and Attitudes Toward Interventions
7
2.2 Defining Engineering Controls
9
2.3 The Level of Control
10
2.4 Role of the Industrial Hygienist
11
2.5 Workers’ Role in Control
12
2.6 General Preference for Environmental Control over “Control at the Worker”
12
2.7 Hierarchy of Controls
13
2.8 The Public Health Model: Control at the Source
15
2.9 Other Approaches and Ideas about Control
16
2.1 Relation of Substitution to LEV
17
2.11 Attitudes Toward Substitution
18
2.12 Substitutes
20
2.13 Process Changes
20
2.14 Environmental Concerns
21
2.14 Conclusions
21
Chapter 2: History and Theory of Prevention and Control in Industrial Hygiene
Chapter 3: Controls and Prevention in OSHA Policy
23
3.1 Methods of Compliance Under Review
23
3.2 NIOSH Has a Different Idea: Control at the Source
25
3.3 OSHA’s “Flexible” Status Quo
25
3.4 OSHA’s Generic Cancer Policy and Air Contaminants Standards: Expanding Feasibility
26
3.5 The Courts’ Interpretation of Feasibility of Controls: OSHA’s Technology-Forcing Power
27
3.6 Feasibility in Practice: Traditional Controls Approach Hinders Effective Regulation.
29
3.7 OSHA’s Field Guidance.
30
3.8 Conclusion
30
Chapter 3: Controls and Prevention in OSHA Policy
Chapter 4: Industrial Hygienists’ Experience
33
4.1 Hierarchy of Controls
34
4.2 Integrating the Environment
34
4.3 Examples of Primary Preventive Strategies
35
4.4 Barriers
37
4.5 Opportunities
39
4.6 Discussion
41
4.7 Conclusions
42
Chapter 4: Industrial Hygienists’ Experience
Chapter 5: A Practical Approach to Source Reduction for Hazard Prevention
43
5.1 Step 1: Increase Your Understanding
43
5.1.1 Definitions
43
5.1.2 Source Reduction Techniques
44
5.1.3 General Resources
45
5.2 Step 2. Build a Team
45
5.3 Step 3: Do an Assessment
45
5.4 Step 4: Planning and Taking Action.
46
5.5 Step 5: Evaluation and Promotion
47
5.6 Conclusion
47
5.7 Resources for Finding Alternatives
48
Chapter 5: A Practical Approach to Source Reduction for Hazard Prevention
Chapter 6: Case Study “Source Reduction in Vessel Cleaning”
49
Chapter 6: Case Study “Source Reduction in Vessel Cleaning”
Chapter 7: Preventing Hazards at the Source
53
7.1 Summary
53
7.2 Principles of a New Model for a Preventive Industrial Hygiene
54
7.3 Barriers
57
7.4 Strategies and Opportunities
57
7.5 Recommendations
58
Chapter 7: Preventing Hazards at the Source
References
59