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Contents
Contents
Full Contents
Introduction
1
Overview
1
Brief History
1
Benefits
1
Limitations
2
Applications
3
Worker Exposure Assessment
3
Emergency Response
4
Other Occupational Health Applications
5
Impurity Testing
6
Types of Tube Systems
6
Short-Duration Tubes
6
Single-Layer Detector Tubes
7
Pre-Layer Detector Tubes
7
Ampoule Detector Tubes
8
Long-Duration Tubes
8
Dosimeter Tubes
9
Detection Principles
9
Theory of Measurement
9
Temperature
10
Humidity
10
Sample Gas Pressure
11
Reagent
11
Channeling
12
Accuracy and Errors
12
Specifications for Use
13
Specifications
13
Primary Analyte(s)
13
Graphic Image
13
Measuring Range
13
Number of Pump Strokes
13
Sample Time per Stroke
14
Expected Color Change
14
Detection Limit
14
Shelf Life
14
Storage
14
Relative Standard Deviation
14
Linearity
14
Reaction Principle
14
Possible Interferences
14
Temperature Correction
15
Humidity Correction
16
Pressure Correction
16
Sampling Strategies and Considerations
16
Selection of Detector Tubes
16
Sampling for Industrial Hygiene Applications
17
Full-Shift TWA Determinations
18
Estimating STEL and Ceiling (Peak) Exposures
18
Measurement Interpretation
19
Field Documentation
19
Taking Measurements
19
Selection of Pump
19
Constant Volume Hand Pumps
20
Hand Pump Flow and Volume Checks
20
Pump Interchangeability
21
Electric Hand Pumps
21
Pump Accessories
21
Cooling Probe
21
Extension or Remote Sampling Hose
21
Pyrolyzer
22
Other Accessories
22
Using a Short-term (Grab) Tube System
22
Hand Pump Leak Check
22
Pump Blockage
22
Opening a Tube
23
Tube Handling
23
Tube Reuse
23
Reading the Tube
23
Disposal
23
Using a Long-Duration Tube
24
Glossary
24
References
27
Direct-Reading Colorimetric Indicator Tubes Manual, 3rd edition