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Content
Content
Full Publication
Authors and Contributors
ix
1.0 Introduction
1
1.1 Purpose
1
1.2 Scope
1
1.3 Background
1
2.0 Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA)
4
3.0 Identification and Assessment
7
3.1 Common Sources
8
3.1.1 Spills, Releases and Leaks in Buildings
8
3.2 Light Fixtures
9
3.2.1 General Recommendations
9
3.2.2 Inspection Procedures
9
3.3 Caulks and Coatings
10
3.3.1 Identification of Homogeneous Areas
10
3.3.2 Bulk Sampling
11
3.4 Surface Contamination
12
3.5 Soil Contamination
12
3.6 HVAC System Contamination
13
3.7 Field Screening Methods
13
3.7.1 XRF
14
3.7.2 Electrochemical Analysis
14
3.7.3 Immunoassay PCB Test Kits
14
3.7.4 Colorimetric Tests
14
3.8 Laboratory Analytical Methods
15
3.8.1 PCBs as Aroclors
16
3.8.2 PCBs as Homologs
16
3.8.3 PCBs as Congeners
16
3.9 Data Interpretation
17
3.10 Potential Co-Contaminants (Asbestos, Lead, Other)
17
4.0 Remediation
20
4.1 Abatement
20
4.2 Mitigation
21
4.2.1 Engineering Controls
21
4.2.2 Administrative Controls
22
4.3 Remediation Work Plans
22
4.4 Planning for Concurrent Hazards (Asbestos, Lead, Other)
23
4.5 Removing Light Fixtures
23
4.5.1 General Requirements for Removing Light Fixtures
23
4.5.2 Protocols for Removing Light Fixtures with Non-Asbestos Electrical Wiring
23
4.6 Remediation Methods
24
4.6.1 Physical Removal of Materials
24
4.6.2 Encapsulation
25
4.6.3 Impermeable Barriers
26
4.6.4 Bimetallic Treatments Systems/Activated Metal Treatment Systems
26
4.7 Contaminated Substrates
27
4.7.1 Porous Substrates
27
4.7.2 Non-Porous Substrates
28
4.8 Concrete Contaminated from Spills
29
4.8.1 Waste Characterization
29
4.8.2 Concrete Cleanup and Disposal
30
4.8.3 Continued Use Authorization
30
4.9 Soil Remediation
31
4.10 Evaluation of Remediation Methods
32
4.11 Post-Remediation Verification
33
4.12 Clearance Testing
33
4.12.1 Air Clearance Testing
33
4.12.2 Soil Clearance Testing
34
4.12.3 Surface Contamination Clearance Testing
35
4.12.4 Porous Substrates (Concrete, Stucco, Masonry) Clearance Testing
35
5.0 Worker Protection
38
5.1 Respiratory Protection for Particulate and Vapor Phase
38
5.2 Worker Protective Clothing (WPC)
38
5.3 Gloves
39
5.4 Hearing Protection
39
5.5 Decontamination Procedures
39
6.0 Exposure Assessment
41
6.1 Introduction
41
6.2 Occupational Exposure Limits
41
6.3 Exposed Population
41
6.4 Hazard Identification
42
6.4.1 Air Monitoring Guidance
42
6.4.2 Wipe Sampling
42
6.4.2 Interpretation of Data for Exposure Classification
43
6.4.4 Biological Monitoring Guidance
43
7.0 Air Monitoring
46
7.1 Ambient Air Monitoring
46
7.2 Personal Sampling
46
8.0 Waste Management And Disposal
49
8.1 PCB Waste Categories
49
8.2 Waste Disposal
50
8.3 Mixed PCB-Containing Waste Disposal
51
Appendix A: Acronyms and Definitions
53
Appendix B: PCB Species by Congener Number
55
Assessment and Remediation of PCBs in the Built Environment